Russian Language - LESSON 3:
Cases
In Russian language the case describe a noun's role in a sentance.
In English cases are rarely used, except with pronouns, and word order tends to describe the noun's function.
A positive effect of the case system is a relative freedom of word order in Russian. As long as your word endings are correct a noun can usually appear anywhere in a sentance.
There are six cases in Russian and each case causes a mutation of the suffix of the noun and often it's supportive verbs and adjectives.
1. Nominative:
The nominative case denotes the subject of an action.
Вера читает.
Vera is reading.
2. Accusative:
The accusitive denotes the direct object of an action.
Вера читает книгу.
Vera is reading a book.
3. Prepositional (Locative):
The prepositional is primarily used with prepositions and usually shows location.
Вера читает в библиотеке.
Vera is reading at the library.
4. Genative:
The Genative shows possession and is used with amounts, numbers, and negative verbs.
Я читаю книгу Веры.
I am reading Vera's book.
5. Dative:
The Dative denotes the indirect object of an action.
Вера даёт книгу мне.
Vera is giving the book to me.
6. Instrumental:
The Instrumental shows the means of completing an action, usually with "with".
Вера читает с лампой.
Vera is reading with a lamp.
Days and Months
понедельник - Monday
вторник - Tuesday
среда - Wednesday
четверг - Thursday
пятница - Friday
суббота - Saturday
воскресенье - Sunday
Январь - January
Февраль - February
Март - March
Апрель - April
Май - May
Июнь - June
Июль - July
Август - August
Сентябрь - September
Октябрь - October
Ноябрь - November
Декабрь - December
NEXT LESSON - the Nominative Case
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